Could someone send me a link (can be a text or a video) to compile my game in Cordova and export it to Android?
Have you gone to the learn tab on Phaser.io?
The cross platform book is a 155 page tut using cordova for android.
The basic Cordova guide worked for me (8 years ago 
).
https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/10.x/guide/cli/
These days I would go for PWA.
Me too. Or if it absolutely has to be in the stores, capacitorjs.